Nephrin研究的机遇和挑战(下)
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在对NPHS1基因(Nephrin)进行鉴定和测序进行研究之前,科学家已经开始对能够结合到肾小球足突表面的抗体及其诱导蛋白尿的特征进行了探索。Orikasa等人[50]用胶原蛋白酶处理过的Wistar大鼠肾小球免疫BALB/b小鼠,产生了高度器官特异性和物种特异性的抗体IgG1,称为mAb 5-1-6。在体外研究中,观察到mAb 5-1-6结合到肾小球足突的表面。当在大鼠中注射该mAb时,立即诱导蛋白尿,不需要补体激活。这项开拓性的研究是建立循环渗透因子抗体和肾病综合征蛋白尿诱导之间强关联的证据。该方法后来被研究人员用于在动物模型中产生类似的Nephrin抗体,以研究肾小球内的Nephrin定位,并作为诱导蛋白尿和肾病状况的潜在药物靶点[42-43,51]。
(4)最后,目前还没有研究检测Nephrin不同表位和抗-Nephrin抗体的相互作用,是否有多个表位表现出抗体结合能力,及不同表位的结合能力是否一致等问题并不清楚。对抗-Nephrin抗体结合Nephrin的特定区域以诱导Nephrin重新分布和足细胞损伤也不是很清楚。也没有研究确定阻断Nephrin表位如何能防止与抗体的相互作用。解决这些问题对于阐明Nephrin抗体致病机制、对开发针对抗-Nephrin抗体阳性FSGS患者的特异性药物非常重要。下一步需要对Nephrin不同结构域、可作为抗-Nephrin抗体结合位点的各种表位以及可阻断这些表位以抑制与抗-Nephrin抗体结合的潜在配体进行全面研究。
参考文献
肾移植FSGS复发与Nephrin抗体
展望:机遇和挑战
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